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 Geplaatst: 25-09-2019 02:31:47 Onderwerp: thousands of years but the dise |
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Introduction
Good health is the ultimate goal of every person since it makes them live productive lives throughout their life span. Hence Nike Free RN Motion Flyknit Running Shoes Black , it is necessary that individuals understand the means to stay healthy to the best of their ability. However, some illnesses are inevitable and hence important to have the appropriate precautionary measures. Smallpox is a serious, contagious, and also a fatal viral disease. It derives its name from the spots that appear as raised bumps on the face and body of any infected person. At present Men's Nike Free RN Motion Flyknit 2017 Running Shoes Black , the world has made significant strides in the eradication of smallpox. The last case of the disease occurred in 1949 in U.S and to other parts of the world was in Somalia in 1977 (Virginia Department Of Health, 2016). There have been worldwide vaccines that played a major role in wiping out the virus all over the world. The vaccination to the disease is no longer mandatory and does not continue in many States for the general population since it is not necessary. The virus that causes the disease has solace in approved laboratories in the United States and Russia. Smallpox is a potentially devastating biological weapon hence important to safeguard the virus from spreading. The success if intense worldwide public health initiatives helped to eliminate the infections to smallpox globally.
Many people have heard about smallpox and had fears that whether they or people they know could get it. They fear that the germ associated with smallpox could spread and have uses as a weapon. It is important that every person understands the epidemiology of smallpox to clear any doubts about the disease. The research paper seeks to offer a discussion about the disease for people to learn the basics. The discussion has the sections of a background to smallpox including the prevalence, a review of the surveillance methods, a descriptive epidemiology analysis Men's Nike Free 5.0 Flyknit Running Shoes Grey , and a review of the diagnosis and screening standards as well as a plan for a course of action. Thus, the main purpose of the evaluation of the epidemiology of smallpox is to create awareness about it.
Background of the disease
The first instances of smallpox in the world were fatal since it resulted in severe illness and death wherever it appeared. It affected children and the young people in which family members infected each other. The mode of spread involves saliva droplets and is fast upon infection. Other methods of spread are in the bed sheets and clothing and very contagious in the first week after infection. The common method of spread is inhalation through direct contact with scabs also leads to infection. According to research, smallpox infection can stay alive for 24 hours but in unfavorable conditions, the virus cannot go beyond 6 hours. The virus bears the name variola and has no relationship to chicken pox caused by a different virus. The virus comes from the genus Orthopoxvirus in the Poxviridae family. Scientists speculate that the virus evolved from an African rodent many years ago. The viruses replicate in the cytoplasm making the skin have rushes. The onset of the disease influenced the course of history. The rapid morbidity and mortality caused the death of kings and warlords leading to power imbalances in Europe and other nations (Kaslow Men's Nike Free TR 5.0 Flyknit Running Shoes Blue Black , Stanberry, Le Duc, 2014).
All the outbreaks of Smal pox in Asia and Africa were due to variola major in the 20th Century. The Variola minor was endemic in some parts of Europe, North America Men's Black White Nike Free 4.0 Flyknit Shoes Sale , South America, and other parts of Africa. There are four major subtypes of variola major smallpox that include Ordinary smallpox, Modified smallpox, Flat smallpox Men's Nike Free 5.0 V4 Gray Black Shoes , and Hemorrhagic smallpox. The ordinary smallpox is the most common and accounts for 90% of the cases. A modified type is a mild form that may develop in the vaccinated persons. The flat smallpox is a severe variety whose lesions do not protrude above the skin surface. The hemorrhagic type is rare, but very severe and fatal that involves the development of hemorrhages in the skin and mucous membranes (Virginia Department of Health, 2016).
The symptoms of smallpox appear in stages. It starts with fever, malaise Men's Nike Free 5.0 V2 Black White Shoes , head and body aches and instances of vomiting. The symptoms appear and the infected persons feel weak to attend to their daily chores. Rashes emerge after two to four days of the infection beginning with the mouth. The rashes spread to the face, arms, and legs and the entire body within a short period of 24 hours. The rashes appear like elevated bumps then filled with a fluid. They become sharp with time, take a round shape Nike Free 4.0 V2 Men's Shoes Black Gray , become firm and filled with pus. After two weeks, the rashes form a crust and become scabs, and they fall off in the third week leaving scars. The symptoms appear between 7 and 17 days after exposure (Kaslow, Stanberry Women's Nike Free 3.0 V5 Shoes Mint Gray , Le Duc, 2014).
There have been smallpox outbreaks from time to time for thousands of years but the disease is not an issue at present. The World Health Organization eliminated the need for routine vaccination against smallpox among the general public due to the successful worldwide vaccination programs. The routine vaccination stopped in 1972 in the United States. The U.S government provided the vaccine recently to a group of scientists and medical professionals researching on smallpox and the related viruses.
Figure 1: Comparison of smallpox deaths and those due to the vaccine
A review of current surveillance methods
The use of surveillance and reporting methods for diseases ensures that there is reliable and adequate information for use by the public health officials. The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) recommended the removal of smallpox from the list of the highly contagious viral diseases IN 1987 from the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS). In spite of the recommendations, the attack of September 11, 2001 Men's Nike Free 3.0 V4 Shoes Gray , was a concern that s A perso. Jordan For Sale Wholesale Soccer Jerseys Cheap Jerseys Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap Jerseys From China Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys China Wholesale NHL Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys China |
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